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Vue新建項目+git托管+初始配置+項目打包優(yōu)化

2024-1-4    前端達人

1、已全局安裝vue-cli和nodejs(第一次需要)

2、利用Vue-cli創(chuàng)建項目

  • 打開項目所在文件夾
  • vue create ‘項目名’
  • 選擇手動配置

babel:js編輯器
typeScript:超集js【需要指定數(shù)據(jù)類型】
PWA:離線可用
Linter/Formatter:約束代碼規(guī)范,配合eslint
unit/e2e testing:測試
在這里插入圖片描述
在這里插入圖片描述

3、git遠程倉庫初始化(創(chuàng)建并添加公鑰,配一次即可)

4、本地項目托管

  • 新建倉庫,給倉庫命名即可,無任何勾選
  • 第二次新建倉庫,不需要再git全局設置
  • 已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了項目,進入vscode終端(管理員)(or cmd進入項目路徑)
  • git init
  • 執(zhí)行橙色代碼(第一句表示遠程倉庫地址,第二句表示首次推送主分支到云端倉庫,origin為云倉庫別名)

在這里插入圖片描述

5、項目文件夾

node_modules:放置項目依賴的地方
public:一般放置一些共用的靜態(tài)資源,包括頁簽圖標、index.html,打包上線的時候,public文件夾里面資源原封不動打包到dist文件夾里面;<%= BASE_URL %>是public所在路徑,使用絕對路徑

腳手架目錄public和assets區(qū)別:參考鏈接
在這里插入圖片描述

src:程序員源代碼文件夾

  • assets文件夾:經(jīng)常放置一些靜態(tài)資源(圖片),assets文件夾里面資源webpack會進行打包為一個模塊(js文件夾里面)
  • components文件夾:一般放置非路由組件(或者項目共用的組件)
  • App.vue 唯一的根組件
  • main.js 入口文件【程序最先執(zhí)行的文件】
  • babel.config.js:babel配置文件【翻譯官:如ES6翻譯成ES5,兼容好】
  • package.json:應用包配置文件;看到項目描述、項目依賴、項目運行指令【項目信息記錄:‘項目身份證’】
  • package-lock.json: 包版本控制文件
  • .gitignore: git版本管制忽略的配置
  • README.md:項目說明文件

補充:通過 vue.config.js 可以修改 webpack 的默認配置
在這里插入圖片描述

6、初始配置

a. 瀏覽器自動打開html,vue-cli-service serve --open

package.json文件中
        "scripts": {
         "serve": "vue-cli-service serve --open",
          "build": "vue-cli-service build",
          "lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
        },
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b.關閉eslint校驗工具

創(chuàng)建vue.config.js文件:需要對外暴露
module.exports = {
   lintOnSave:false,
}
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c. src文件夾的別名的設置 【@表示src文件夾,@在"node_modules","dist"不能用】

創(chuàng)建jsconfig.json文件
{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "baseUrl": "./",
        "paths": {
            "@/*": [
                "src/*"
            ]
        }
    },
    "exclude": [
        "node_modules",
        "dist"
    ]
}

 

 

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7、后臺項目的環(huán)境安裝配置;參考黑馬項目

  • MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫;
  • Node.js環(huán)境【因為后臺接口依賴Node.js】 Nodejs安裝及環(huán)境配置鏈接
  • 安裝API依賴包;
  • postman測試后臺項目接口:【安裝與使用見連接】
    https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61843874/article/details/123324727
    https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1hP4y177gS/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=c4d71976fd97f04545873bc4552dfb71
    選擇好請求方式;輸入URL;body——x-www-form-urlencoded(普通形式輸入請求參數(shù))

8、清除初始靜態(tài)樣式,梳理app.vue根組件在這里插入圖片描述

9、清除初始路由配置;清除初始的路由組件和非路由組件

新建routes.js放路由規(guī)則在這里插入圖片描述

10、生成項目報告

npm run build  -- --report
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11、項目優(yōu)化

  1. Vue項目在執(zhí)行build命令期間中移除所有console.log 鏈接
  2. 通過 vue.config.js 可以修改 webpack 的默認配置
    在這里插入圖片描述
  3. 為開發(fā)模式與發(fā)布模式指定不同的打包入口
    在這里插入圖片描述
    3.1 打包入口的修改,可以通過 configureWebpack和 chainWebpack節(jié)點來實現(xiàn):
    在這里插入圖片描述
    3.2 通過 chainWebpack 自定義打包入口
    新建./src/main-prod.js和./src/main-dev.js文件;在vue.config.js進行如下配置
chainWebpack: config => {
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-prod.js')
    })
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-dev.js')
    })
  }
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  1. 通過externals 加載外部 CDN 資源,對于externals中的第三方依賴包,在用到依賴包的時候,會找window全局對象上查找并直接使用現(xiàn)成的對象,能夠讓打包的項目體積更??;只有production模式才有必要配置externals節(jié)點

第一步:vue.config.js——>配置externals節(jié)點
在這里插入圖片描述

//配置后的vue.config.js
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
  transpileDependencies: true,
  lintOnSave:false,
  // 通過 chainWebpack 為開發(fā)模式與發(fā)布模式指定不同的打包入口
  chainWebpack: config => {
    // 發(fā)布模式
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-prod.js')

   <span class="token comment">// 通過externals 加載外部 CDN 資源</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'externals'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">vpe</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">' Vue '</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-router'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueRouter'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">axios</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'axios'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">lodash</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'_'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 
    <span class="token literal-property property">echarts</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'echarts'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">nprogress</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'NProgress'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-quill-editor'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueQuillEditor'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">when</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token parameter">config</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'app'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./src/main-dev.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

}
})

 

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第二步:導入的樣式表也會被導入到輸出文件中,導致體積大;臨時注釋掉main.prod.js中的import的VueQuillEditor樣式表;進行如下配置;【注意版本號】
在這里插入圖片描述
進一步添加js文件的CDN引用:
在這里插入圖片描述

<!-- 富文本編輯器樣式表文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.core.min.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.snow.min.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.bubble.min.css"/>

<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue-router/3.5.1/vue-router.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/axios/1.3.4/axios.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/5.4.1/echarts.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 富文本編輯器的 js 文件 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue-quill-editor@3.0.6/dist/vue-quill-editor.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> 

 

 

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  1. .通過 CDN 優(yōu)化 ElementUl 的打包

第一步:在這里插入圖片描述

<!-- element-ui的樣表文件-->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/theme-chalk/index.css" />
    <!-- element-ui的 js 又件-->
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/index.js"></script>
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第二步:臨時注釋掉
// 引入自定義插件 (封裝element按需引入模塊)
// import element from ‘./plugins/element’

  1. 首頁內容定制(根據(jù)production模式和development模式定制)
    不同的打包環(huán)境下,首頁內容可能會有所不同,我們可以通過插件的方式進行定制;
    isProd的值為True表示production模式,為FALSE表示development模式;

第一步:對vue.config.js中chainWebpack的屬性進行調整:

// 通過 chainWebpack 為開發(fā)模式與發(fā)布模式指定不同的打包入口
  chainWebpack: config => {
    // 1、發(fā)布模式
    config.when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',config=>{
      config.entry('app').clear().add('./src/main-prod.js')

   <span class="token comment">// 通過externals 加載外部 CDN 資源</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'externals'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">vue</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">' Vue '</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-router'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueRouter'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">axios</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'axios'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">lodash</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'_'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 
    <span class="token literal-property property">echarts</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'echarts'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token string-property property">'vue-quill-editor'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'VueQuillEditor'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token comment">// 不同的打包環(huán)境下,首頁內容可能會有所不同</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 我們可以通過插件的方式進行定制,根據(jù)isProd的值,來決定如何染頁面結構,發(fā)布模式插件配置如下:</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">args</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    args<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>isProd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> args
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// 2、開發(fā)模式</span>
config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">when</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token parameter">config</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'app'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./src/main-dev.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token comment">// 不同的打包環(huán)境下,首頁內容可能會有所不同</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 我們可以通過插件的方式進行定制,根據(jù)isProd的值,來決定如何染頁面結構,開發(fā)模式插件配置如下:</span>
  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">args</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    args<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>isProd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> args
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

}

 

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第二步:在public/index.html首頁中,可以根據(jù)isProd的值,來決定如何染頁面結構

<title><%=htmlWebpackPlugin.options.isProd?'':'dev-' %>電商后臺管理系統(tǒng)</title>

<!-- 在production模式下isProd = true,會獲取CDN里的依賴資源,development模式下isProd = false,用本地下載的依賴 -->
<% if(htmlWebpackPlugin.options.isProd){ %>
前面CDN引入的依賴資源(富文本編輯器+elemen-ui)
<% } %>


前面CDN引入的依賴資源(富文本編輯器+elemen-ui),代碼如下:
<!-- 富文本編輯器樣式表文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="
/>


<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue-router/3.5.1/vue-router.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/axios/1.3.4/axios.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/5.4.1/echarts.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 富文本編輯器的 js 文件 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/quill/1.3.7/quill.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue-quill-editor@3.0.6/dist/vue-quill-editor.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> 

<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> element<span class="token operator">-</span>ui的樣表文件<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>link rel<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"stylesheet"</span> href<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/theme-chalk/index.css"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> element<span class="token operator">-</span>ui的 js 又件<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"https://cdn.staticfile.org/element-ui/2.15.13/index.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>

 

 

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第三步:由于對首頁內容根據(jù)production模式和development模式進行了定制,需要將前面注釋掉的富文本編輯器樣式,以及element-ui樣式引入取消注釋,最終項目會根據(jù)不同模式展示首頁

7. 路由懶加載
當打包構建應用時,JavaScript 包會變得非常大,影響頁面加載。如果我們能把不同路由對應的組件分割成不同的代碼塊,然后**[當路由被訪問的時候才加載對應組件**],這樣就會更加高效。

在這里插入圖片描述

簡化:
不需要在route.js文件 import UserDetails from ‘./views/UserDetails.vue’;直接路由懶加載
{
name:‘search’, //商品搜索
path:‘/search’,
component:()=>import(‘@/pages/Search’), [路由被訪問才加載組件]

 

 

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